Bribery And Corruption

Question: Pay off and debasement in the open area is endemic and unavidable in all social orders? Answer: Presentation Pay off has consistently been considered as one of the most established idea having a long past. Since ongoing occasions, it has profoundly been turning into an exceptional issue the whole way across the globe. In reference with the idea of pay off, more regularly, there may be contribution of certain current governments or outrages of debasement in legislative issues previously. Be that as it may, as there has been improvement and progression in worldwide exchange, pay off has entered the boundaries of global business too (Basu, 2011). Moreover, the idea of defilement is by all accounts engaged with the private area also. In the private segment, defilement is known to be taking various structures and pay off is one of these structures. Debasement brings about contorting markets and have negative impact on the whole society. This paper will examine the issue of debasement and pay off inside the open part as being unavoidable and endemic in every single society. Elements Initiating Bribery and Corruption There is a rundown of four types of the defilement. The main structure is oil installments and pay off. Pay off is the one type of installments looked for by the authorities of open or in another manner offered by the specialists of privately owned business in recuperation for favors going about as the agreement of the administration. Installment of oil is the cash given to the operators of open for accomplish work that the specialists of open are prior paid for doing this, going about as distribute a permit (Basu, 2011). In the second structure there is stupendous and unimportant debasement. Debasement of trivial is the blackout of an operator of open with an open part for degenerate the framework over little exchanges that are identified with one another. It appropriately much of the time includes the open operator of lower level. Defilement of great is the damage of the framework by the operators of government at senior level, heads of state and clergymen. Bureaucratic defilement is the third type of the debasement. This the unfortunate behavior of duty by the specialists for open to evade or twist guidelines and rules in managing for certain advantages (Abbink, 2006). In happens chiefly in the territories where there are awards of thought and caution of discipline heavily influenced by a specialist. Last yet not the least is the defilement in the political divisions. This is the dealings of power and impact by the pioneers of ideological group and may increment to the favors of giving, no regularities in the financing of crusade and extortion of appointive. There are five cImpact of Demandonditions that encourage the debasement and they are recorded beneath: Political variables States of legislative issues that energize debasement incorporate weal common freedoms, in a specific structure the degree of opportunity of press, the quality of each resident to plan the associations of common society, and the degree of rivalry of political structure. Responsibility and absence of straightforwardness likewise incorporate by them with respect to operators of government particularly where the state have been caught by the decision world class (Abbink, 2004). Bureaucratic elements Bureaucratic variables incorporate the augmentation of the organization of the state with increment of orderly in the forces of optional for the officials. Organization development permits select each person to acquire direct way to deal with assets of state and to appreciate the benefits of thought related with the workplace of authoritative. Lawful variables The nature of a lawful arrangement of nation, in a specific structure the situation of being rebuffed and gotten seriously, resolve the debasement level (Abbink, 2012). This is go identified with the nearness of successful laws of hostile to defilement, a free legal executive and a powerful police. Financial elements Monetary improvement level influence the divisions and structures where defilement is normal. Defilement of insignificant is predominantly regular in nations that are creating while in the nations that are created, when the wages goes higher it implies that the debasement impact to be of an enormous scope (Abbink, 2006). Transnational elements Indeed, even with accomplishing freedom, the greater part of the nations being developed experience the ill effects of new imperialism of the debasement so they manage defilement of foundational presented during their occupation or colonization (Apesteguia, 2007). A significant number of the huge organizations have therefore offered pay-offs to win business in the nations of third world. Effect of Demand-Side and Supply-Side Corruption Writers, scholastics, specialists, and government officials have been showing an irregular unanimity when these contribute in censuring defilement as the likelihood of the most specific obstructions to the consistent development in the economy over the globe. In the current time of globalization, the associations of business alongside their agent on visit premise have been experiencing the demonstrations of defilement and can be considered as the straightforward members, casualties or culprits in these demonstrations or activities (Barr, 2009). While there has been presence of global debasement in various structures for various years, numerous worldwide associations, countries, associations and people have at present been making endeavors for the decrease or end of degenerate exercises as these have unsafe effect over the personal satisfaction being kept up by the residents and the economies at neighborhood level. Some of these sorts of endeavors have brought about being guided towar ds the gracefully side of degenerate acts that is, the one making the installments of defilement. An exchange of debasement, in the average sense includes the side of gracefully, that is the one offering the incentive, and the side of interest, that is the one accepting the pay off. Ongoing endeavors of hostile to defilement contribute in principally tending to the side of flexibly (Basu, 2011). Nonetheless, there is enormous worry towards a specific spotlight being made in favor of flexibly with respect to the universal defilement can't be considered as being powerful in distinguishing and forestalling the system and connections of debasement. EffectivenessIn preventing pay off and debasement Independent of the severe arrangements of the corporate world, supervisors have been demonstrating allurement for doing whatever they consider significant for settling a particular negotiation and afterward finding a path across so as to get captured. For various companies, defilement and pay off are positioned among the most noteworthy huge dangers and it has been discovered that there has been an expansion in the conspicuousness of these dangers too (Brenner, 2009). Despite the fact that in the virtual sense, not so much as a solitary business is liberated from dangers related with pay off and different installments that are degenerate, the hazard is explicitly high and noteworthy for the worldwide association and those in specific enterprises, for example, extraction of asset, retail and development. In lion's share of the instances of pay off, it has been discovered that there are more odds of little installments being made by normal individuals to the authorities, for example, a sum being given to the police officers to canceling an infraction at minor level. While the approving of these exercises is troublesome, these specific practices have been distinguished as fundamental component of economy in various locales or regions (Buccirossi, 2006). From the viewpoint of corporate universes, there are less odds of speaking to a noteworthy degree of concern or hazard. Searching for arrangement and managing the issue of the economy isn't a simple e rrand. Offering and getting incentives, alongside other various sorts of assistance advantages and charges, are a well-improvement component of business culture just as the way of life of government in various parts over the globe. Furthermore, independent of expanding the guidelines, enactments, and their requirement, the degree to which installments of defilement and pay off have not been declining. In greater part of the associations across various countries and economies, this issue has been believed to be expanding with the progression of time, as opposed to being decreased. Independent of executing the exceptionally severe arrangements of corporate bodies, being enticed towards this action is significant for the conclusion of a particular arrangement and subsequently, finding a path across to get captured is consistently there (Gorodnichenko, 2007). In the most ideal way, the dangers that emerge out of installments of defilement and pay off are not managed exclusively and in disconnection however as a huge component of a total procedure for recognizing, checking and dealing with the quantity of various dangers in the essences of enterprise. End The idea of debasement is by all accounts associated with the private area too. In the private division, defilement is known to be taking various structures and pay off is one of these structures. Debasement brings about contorting markets and have negative impact on the whole society. While there has been presence of global debasement in various structures for various years, numerous worldwide associations, countries, associations and people have presently been making endeavors for the decrease or disposal of degenerate exercises as these have hurtful effect over the personal satisfaction being kept up by the residents and the economies at nearby level (Lambsdorff, 2007). From the point of view of corporate universes, there are less odds of speaking to a huge degree of concern or hazard. Pay off is the one type of installments looked for by the authorities of open or in another manner offered by the specialists of the privately owned business. References Abbink, K. (2004). Staff turn as an enemy of defilement strategy: a test study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), pp. 887906. Abbink, K. (2012). Releasing the Briber: An Experiment on Mitigating Harassment Bribes, Working Paper. Accessible at SSRN: htt

Analysis of Identity in Jasmine Essay -- Literary Analysis, Bharati M

The epic Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee is an unfathomable anecdote about the change and educational encounters of a Panjabi young lady from India. The life of Jyoti is told from her perspective when she is twenty-four years of age, and pregnant with the child of Bud Ripplemeyer, an injured broker who is more than twice Jyoti’s age. During the range of two months in Iowa, Jyoti portrays her true to life encounters in Punjab and in America as she endeavors to get autonomous. Jasmine shows that when one’s connections experience transforms, it will affect one’s personality. Conceived in Hasnapur in India, Jyoti is supposed to be the most wonderful and cunning individual in her family. In contrast to her sisters and different young ladies, Jyoti exceeds expectations in school and proceeds with her training until the eighth grade notwithstanding her father’s dissatisfaction. Instruction speaks to a route for Jasmine to isolate from numerous young ladies her age including her sisters and to shape her character. As it were, this permits her to part from the semi-primitive country society in which she lives. Her life, as most Indian ladies in that timeframe, is controlled and commanded by her dad and siblings, Town young ladies resemble steers, however you lead them, that is the manner in which they will go (46). Jyoti’s feelings are frequently viewed as pointless. The job of ladies in towns was uniquely to be a mother and to oversee family unit undertakings. The first of numerous brief looks at Jyoti’s fluctuating characters happens during her union with Prakash. The first run through Prakash converses with Jyoti, he says, â€Å"She is a lady of fine sympathies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (74). He considers her to be a sensitive, respectful lady who follows her family’s wishes and social orders limitation on ladies. Jyoti depicts Prakash as â€Å"A present day man†¦For Prakash, love was giving up. Independenc... ...el Jasmine, Jyoti has clashes with her past and the present as she endeavors to consolidate her life as an outsider and life in India. Jyoti comes to America so as to satisfy her better half, Prakash’s dreams and to lead a progressively productive life. She experiences her first change from an honest, devoted girl to a cutting edge spouse when she meets Prakash who calls her Jasmine, at that point she turns out to be increasingly American when she meets Lillian Gordon who calls her Jazzy. Afterward, with Taylor Hayse, who calls her Jase, she begins to acknowledge her over a wide span of time together, anyway observing her husband’s killer scares her. She at that point proceeds onward to become Bud’s Jane. Jyoti attempts to set up another way of life as she learns new American traditions, abilities, and goals. These exchanges in her personality are clear in her demeanor towards life and her associations with people.

On the writers choose Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the essayists pick - Research Paper Example It is critical to consider a portion of the particular models from the content as an outline of the intensity of the media to shape open plan and spread data that is basically undermined and subject to the interests of certain powers. In this novel, the tributes are gotten the media with the aim of making some bogus sorts of impression in regards to their lives and gifts. The crowd is blessed to receive some shallow pictures and characters that have been smothered of ordinary extent and past target truth for accomplishing a few examples of thought from the crowd. Katniss and Peeta are made to give a few features about their one of a kind capacities and shed light on specific issues that identify with their own lives (Collins 21). Thusly, the media effectively advances the standards of emotionalism and intentional adulteration of data for engaging the crowd. The unscrupulous control and the board of people’s minds is one of the procedures that the media uses to accomplish its destinations. As opposed to catching the normal arrangement of things, the media takes part in determined moves that are pointed towards a foreordained bearing. Basically, it may be critical to consider the way that a portion of the issues that take care of the job of the media in controlling the general public identify with its capacity to benefit certain issues above others. The media sets the plan for the general public by appointing a few issues a more elevated level of importance when contrasted with others. The creator catches the media as especially emotional. She additionally draws out the media as serving the interests of the ground-breaking and predominant powers in the general public. All things considered, the destiny of Katniss and Peeta is decreased to the impulses of the influential people who try to control the way in which the two tributes will wind up in the war. The

Egyptian Sculptures Essay Example for Free

Egyptian Sculptures Essay The Metropolitan historical center of New York for Egyptian assortment houses a wide cluster of Egyptian figures that convey with them the historical backdrop of the Egyptian individuals that additionally mirror the foundation of antiquated human progress. Instances of noticeable Egyptian figures incorporate the Statue of a Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra and the Plaque with Greek devotion to Isis, Serapis and Apollo by Komon. The sculpture of the Ptolemaic sovereign Cleopatra is initially from Egypt and is accounted for to have been in presence around the Ptolemaic time frame or later. It dates between 170 B. C or later. It is made of medium limestone with an element of 62. 2cm in stature, 19. 7cm in width and an expansiveness of 14. 6 cm. The sculpture is additionally attributed by the historical center to be an endowment of Joseph W. Drexel in 1889 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010). The sculpture of the Ptolemaic Cleopatra exemplifies a sovereign, presumably Cleopatra, holding a cornucopia. The third little girl of King Ptolemy the twelfth Auletes, Cleopatra VII Philopator was conceived in January of 69 BC and kicked the bucket on the long stretch of August 30 BC (Greek Bible Study, para. 1). She was the sovereign of antiquated Egypt and the last individual from the Ptolemy Dynasty who denoted the last Hellenistic government of Egypt. The Greek Bible Study clarifies that regardless of the way that numerous different sovereigns of Egypt were known by a similar name, she is basically alluded to as Cleopatra as the characters of her forerunners have been overlooked with time. Cleopatra is a Greek word that implies â€Å"father’s glory†. Then again Cleopatra Thea Philopator represents â€Å"The Goddess Cleopatra, Beloved of Her Father† (Greek Bible Study, para. 2). In the whole multi year old administration that saw the standard of Cleopatra, she was the just a single ready to become familiar with the Egyptian language (para. 4). Cleopatra controlled Egypt with her dad and later on her siblings whom she wound up wedding before increasing sole initiative as Pharaoh (Greek Bible Study, para. 5). Along with Caesar, a Roman ruler, she bore a child, Caesarion who wound up being co-ruler. She ended her own life when Caesar’s legitimate beneficiary Octavian drove Rome against Egypt (Greek Bible Study, para. 6). She plainly showed incredible commitment towards administration and made an enduring effect on Egypt as well as the world. The Egyptian plaque containing Greek devotion to Isis, Apollo and Serapis by Komon is asserted to have originated from the Macedonian and Ptolemaic period during the rule of Ptolemy the fourth and fifth somewhere in the range of 210 and 204 BC. The plaque is made of marble and measures 27. 95 by 17. 5 cm. It is likewise professed to have been an endowment of Joseph Drexel in 1889 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010). The Greek engraving for the plaque peruses â€Å"In sake of King Ptolemy, the extraordinary god, Philopator, friend in need and champ of triumph, and his child Ptolemy, to Isis, Serapis, Apollo; Komon, child of Asklepiades, oeconomus at Naukratis (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010). Cleopatra is an easily recognized name in the examination of administration in Egyptian traditions. She carried on with her life as an intense ruler and was raised to the situation of Pharaoh in spite of being a lady which gives her incredible initiative capacities and the additional enthusiasm to administer over Egypt. This is seen by her turning out to be co-ruler adjacent to her dad in spite of having siblings. She is a symbol of incredible authority and grit to Egyptian culture and the remainder of the world. The current short separation and evident connections among Greece and Egypt made it essential for Ptolemy, a Greek King to make great connections between the Greeks and the Egyptians (Norfleet, para. 1). The devotion of King Ptolemy through Komon to Isis, Apollo and Serapis by methods for his works of the marble plaque means that positive attitude around the Ptolemy rule between King Ptolemy and Isis, Serapis and Apollo. It can likewise be disclosed to be an affirmation of intensity through his annunciation of his forces. Such activities might be professed to have brought serenity between the Ptolemy rule and different realms. At around 120 AD, Ptolemy presented the Serapis religion that improved the ties among Greek and Egypt. Works Cited: Greek Bible Study. A Brief History of Queen Cleopatra. (2010). Recovered on sixth May 2010 from: http://www. biblestudy. organization/biblepic/cleopatra. html Norfleet, Phil. Platonism, Paganism and Early Christianity. (2010). Recovered on sixth May 2010 from: http://www. mozilla. com/en-US/firefox/focal/The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Works of Art, 2010. Recovered on sixth May 2010 from:http://www. metmuseum. organization/works_of_art/collection_database/egyptian_art/listview. aspx? page=2sort=0sortdir=asckeyword=fp=1dd1=10dd2=0

Understanding Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Understanding Performance Management Essay The order to work at an ideal exhibition level and meet monetary and authoritative desires are changing the manner in which associations work together. This development is driving better expectations of fitness in everyday tasks and adding new strain to expand partner esteem. In today’s quick paced business atmosphere, the nimbleness with which an organization oversees execution can decide advertise position and friends productivity. Characterizing Performance Management Performance the executives is the incorporated procedure of characterizing, surveying, and strengthening representative work practices and results (Cummings and Worley 2005). Execution the executives centers around comprehension, streamlining, and adjusting activity and choices and guaranteeing the joint effort and strengthening of all people over the business arrange. It incorporates practices and strategies for objective setting, execution examination, training, representative turn of events and prize frameworks. Like never before, associations need more extensive proportions of representative execution to guarantee that (1) lacks are address in an opportune way through worker improvement programs that address the issues of the association and its market, (2) representative practices are being coordinated toward execution of explicit targets that are reliable with the work unit and the association system, and (3) representatives are furnished with legitimate and auspicious criticism to help with their profession advancement. These practices mutually impact the exhibition of people and work gathering, and empowers them to work across vital, strategic, and operational levels to adjust activities to guarantee ideal execution. All together for viable exhibition the board to happen, the procedure must use data from three timespans to do as such. It utilizes information from the past so as to assemble data structure past execution. This data is then used in the present for the foundation of work plans, objectives and the setting of improvement openings. These goals along these lines consider elevated levels of execution later on. The Purpose of the Performance Management System The fundamental reason for execution the board is to ensure that representative objectives, worker practices used to accomplish these objectives and criticism data about worker execution are completely connected to the corporate technique. Anyway there is nobody approach to oversee execution. What ever framework is embraced should be consistent with the way of life and rules that overrun the association. Most frameworks of execution the executives has three purposes-Strategic, Administrative, and Developmental. The key reason Defining Performance One of the manners by which procedures are actualized is by the board characterizing the ideal outcomes, practices and representative qualities essential for doing system. They would then be able to create estimation and input components which will show tool adequately results are being accomplished and what to do to deliver results. The association can accomplish this key reason on the off chance that it is adaptable and amendable to changes in the objectives and procedures which can happen, and furthermore to perceive that in the event that such changes happen, at that point there should be change in results, practices and qualities of the representatives, which should of need change to compare with such hierarchical changes. The Administrative Purpose-Measuring Performance Execution examination data is one of the primary instruments utilized by associations for settling on authoritative choices, for instance, pay organization, as far as increases in salary; advancements, maintenance or end, acknowledgment of individual execution and distinguishing proof of horrible showing. The Developmental Purpose-Feedback and instructing This part of execution the board looks to grow further, workers who are acceptable at their employments. In cases where workers are not performing up to norm, execution the board likewise looks to improve their presentation through instructing. The input from the exhibition assessment process demonstrates or recognizes the regions of qualities and shortcoming in the worker execution. It is along these lines basic to organizations that they perceive and satisfy the motivation behind a powerful exhibition the executives framework as this is key to increasing an upper hand through the administration of HR. They additionally need to build up the measures by which execution can be assessed. The conversation presently goes to the advancement of the exhibition the board framework. It depicts the major vital choices that must be set up if the team is to adequately plan a presentation the executives framework. All together for an effective presentation the board to be built up, the procedure must use five key choices. 1. How the framework will be utilized be utilized? 2. Who does the assessment? 3. What territories are to be assessed? 4. By what means should the assessment be finished? 5. What are the manners by which the assessment should be possible? In what capacity will the framework be utilized Planned worker improvement ought to be one of the essential ideas of any organization’s execution the executives framework. This is an endeavor to express an expansive approach which expels any choice about individuals advancement by specifying that creating individuals is a mainstay of whatever arrangement of the board the association embraces. This individuals improvement ought to be arranged, not given simple empty talk or expected to occur without anyone else. Appropriation of this approach would prepare for the shortsighted manner by which a few managers believe themselves to be results situated instead of individuals arranged, in this way pardoning themselves from individuals advancement. The significant push of representative improvement will be to underscore that the advancement of individuals as the best methods accessible to accomplish results for the association. Three new musings are proposed in this arrangement recâ ¬ommendation. To start with, on the grounds that advancement is distinctive for everybody, there ought to be singular improvement plans. While there may consistently be zones of development or advancement regular to numerous simultaneously, these should not to be the entirety of the individuals developâ ¬ing process occurring. It is frequently a simple reason for managers point to plantâ€wide or companyâ€wide â€Å"people† programs as a method of clearing themselves of their kin creating obligation. The second operable word in this approach stateâ ¬ment is survey. The boss is required to catch up on the individuals advancement plans. They are not to be talked about energetically for a concise period and it slipped afterward's mind. Whenever archived on organization structures, they should not to be sent to some staff office just as floatâ ¬ing off into neverâ€never land. They require observing so progress can be checked occasionally. Third, singular plans ought to be assessed in any event every year. This is an endeavor to offer some time allotment for intermittent survey, so as not to make the errand too timeâ€consuming. Moreover, a ton can occur in a year, so this time length isn't too early for considering new circumstances that may warrant changâ ¬ing or refreshing the arrangement. Many rehearsing administrators show a year time allotment as a pragmatic one, particularly when the advancement plan is talked about with regards to the yearly execution assessment. Every one of my subordinates should work out a particular arrangement of self-awareness. Two considerations are contained in this approach explanation. To start with, each subordinate is to have an advancement plan. Once more, we discuss the comprehensiveness of developâ ¬ment. This isn’t just for the powerless, or just for those distinguished as shinning stars, or just for any select fortunate or unfortunate few. Everybody has formative needs so as to help accomplish the strategic the association. Second, there is the topic of who works out this arrangement for advancement. Some may quickly think about certain subordinates who don't seem equipped for working out their very own turn of events, thus this may incite a negative vote (or â€Å"false† mark) on this stateâ ¬ment. Obviously there will be a few people less qualified than others to turn out such an arrangement. In any case, the aim isn't to anticipate that individuals should do only it †a remarkable opposite. The genuine purpose of this announcement is to fix on the subordinate a sharing of the improvement obligation regarding which the chief is responsible. It turns out to be then a mutual obligation between the director and the subordinate. I ought to require singular advancement plans from every one of my subordinates Again numerous troughs can highlight people who may state, or have expressed, they are not intrigued by improvement. We’ve all experienced individuals like that. They promptly attest that they have no enthusiasm for getting advanced; they know their activity, they do it well, they basically need to work 9 to 5 and leave the moving for positions to another person. This is accurately why the uniâ ¬versality of the requirement for improvement needs strengthening. It should not to be a choice. The association can't bear to let individuals keep up that disposition. It isn't what we need to individuals to consider advancement or turning out to be administrators or anything they genuinely would prefer not to turn out to be, however so as to keep on performing admirably in the current zones of obligation, individuals must stay up with developâ ¬ments in their field. Since no activity remains the equivalent, no jobholder can remain the equivalent. â€Å"Future shock† is an idea with which we are generally recognizable. So much occurs in the work improvements around us that no activity continues as before extremely long. Subsequently, if a specialist is carrying out the responsibility a similar way the individual in question did a year back, that individual is less viable, if not totally off-base. Intermittent onâ€theâ€job training is a significant piece of an individual’s advancement. The expectation here is that the boss will feel comfortable with the announcement and its impl

Who needs Black Friday anyway

Who needs Black Friday anyway ^Every patch is a memory, every tear has a tale. These are the stories we wear. Worn Wear Buying new stuff is fun. It provides that instant rush of novelty that consumerism thrives on. And hey, I’m not immune. But there’s also something sentimental about celebrating stuff you already have. It becomes part of you. My favorite (and well-used) fleece or puffy jacket will always remind me of certain backpacking trips in the Sierras, or favorite climbs in Yosemite. Gear becomes attached to specific memories and stories, the same way that a certain song can conjure up memories of middle school. That’s something that a shiny new parka will never provide. Yesterday, instead of lining up at midnight for the Black Friday frenzy and buying new stuff, I decided to take a different approach. I first went with my friend Emily Y. 15 to a Worn Wear gear swap hosted by the local Patagonia (you may have heard of their prominent anti-Black Friday ads). Later I dropped by the local climbing gym with a new friend. ^ hey Steph, youre blog famous!!!11cos(0) Instead of swiping credit cards, we enjoyed free food, refreshments, and music. At the Worn Wear event, I traded stories with some grizzled climbers about our favorite places in Yosemite, and swapped some old gear I had for other people’s used things. At the climbing gym, we climbed until our forearms burned and our fingertips wore out, then refueled the stoke with some ramen at ShabuMein. That sounds more in line with the spirit of Thanksgiving than a shopping spree. Speaking of Thanksgiving, every year our lovely Simmons Hall housemasters John and Ellen host a giant Thanksgiving feast, buying lots of food out of their own pocket. So, a shoutout to them, and all the wonderful volunteers who helped make the feast possible! ^I cant find my photos from the feast, so here is a photo of Simmons instead. Hope everyone had a great Thanksgiving â€" and if you went home, safe travels back!

Comparitive Analysis of Power and Control in Equus and Gattaca - Literature Essay Samples

Equus and Gattaca correspond in their development of similar ideas surrounding the societal and behavioral connections between power and control, although Shaffer and Niccol differ in their approach to these concepts through filmic and theatrical techniques. Both Gattaca and Equus explore the influence and control of divine higher powers through the utilization of sound motifs. In the play, the Equus noise becomes a prevalent auditory feature produced from the choric effect of humming, thumping and stamping while serving to indicate the presence of â€Å"Equus the God†. These aural devices emphasize the deity’s power with a foreboding and provocative effect, increasing in intensity when his influence over Alan escalates. Similarly, the Gattaca organisation in Niccol’s film demonstrates the divine powers granted to scientists, with a presence that looms over the characters like an ever-observing god. The constant background announcements over the Gattaca public address system, serves to remind the audience of this dictatorial authority, reinforcing the influence and involvement of the corporation in the actions of the robot-like employees. Alternatively, Shaffer draws on allusions to Equine dominance to further enforce the concept of a transcendent power. This is particularly evident when Dora refers to horses in a religious context directly quoting the bible with â€Å"The glory of his nostrils is terrible!† as Alan mimics â€Å"He swallows the ground with fierceness and rage!† These references illustrate the horse as a powerful being, a notion that grows and metastasizes to form a god in Alan’s mind, as he seeks to harness this power. Shaffer also uses selective language to emphasize Equus as a symbol of pure force, as Alan’s descriptions focus on physical strength with words such as â€Å"big† and â€Å"huge† in association with his attention to powerful body parts like â€Å"hooves†, â€Å"flank† and â€Å"neck†. In contrast, Niccol utilizes angled shots to convey which characters posses the power in specific situations. This can be seen during the open ing flashback scene; a high angle shot of Vincent as a young child on the floor depicts the character as weak and vulnerable, ironically due to his DNA reflected by the double helix model he is happily playing with, while the succeeding mid shot conveys the scientist as a dominant authority looking down on Vincent with the godlike ability to manipulate genetics. Whilst the protagonists of both texts are faced with the dominance of these divine authorities, Shaffer and Niccol simultaneously utilize character development to examine the complex shifts in power with relation to gaining or losing it at the hands of another. In the dystopian world of Gattaca, having the perfect genetic identity ensures success; in this way Eugene symbolically transfers his own power to Vincent when detaching himself from his first name insisting that Vincent call him â€Å"Eugene† rather than â€Å"Jerome†. This signifies the moment when Vincent takes control of his destiny, claiming the power that Eugene offers, with the composition of the shot conveying this transfer as the differences in height emphasize how Vincent is instantly superior to â€Å"Eugene†. Conversely, Shaffer establishes a connection based on sexual dominance between Alan and Equus, which explores how power can be gained from the act of controlling. Riding a horse is portray ed as a sexualized experience as Alan mentions intricate details describing â€Å"the way their necks twist, and sweat shines in the folds†. This sexual association stems from the power Alan feels when riding Equus, as he receives gratification from the thrill of commanding his own god and bending the strength of the horse to his will, observing how he had â€Å"all that power going any way [he] wanted†. Although both Alan and Vincent gain a sense of power from their relationships, Shaffer and Niccol additionally examine how this can lead to lack of control. In Gattaca, slow montages integrated with close up fade in shots focus on the meticulous effort needed to maintain the facade of a genetically superior, and therefore powerful, man. In terms of Mis-en-scene elements, Vincent adopts a completely new, clean and dull style, seen in monotone suits with slick combed hair. This demonstrates how Vincent becomes so disciplined to the Gattaca expectations, that while he is secretly defying societal rules, he is still under their influence and lacks power of choice in every day life. After sleeping with Irene, Vincent’s assumed power clashes with his disciplined submissiveness as he loses control of both his DNA and his professional life. Niccol forms a nostalgic connection between this moment of weakness and Vincent’s past through the melancholy theme song, sepia color hues and beach setting. Vincent is exposed both metaphorically and physically, positioning the audience to realize that he has more control over his own life when he lives as his â€Å"invalid self†. In this way, the director implies that while Vincent’s new identity gives him the power to pursue his dream, it only provides the illusion of control. Similar to Gattaca, Alan also experiences the loss of control following a sexual encounter, committing the â€Å"crime† when provoked by Equus after kissing Jill in the stables. The stage movement plays an important role in the depiction of Alan’s weakness in this scene, as the horses trample around while he desperately leaps at them, jumping high and naked in the dark, slashing at their heads. The chaos created by these movements accentuated with lighting signifies the disorder of Alan’s own mind, as he completely loses control at the hands of Equus with, like Vincent on the beach, his physical and mental vulnerabilities exposed. The violence of the crime connects with Alan’s pursuit of power as recognized earlier in the play when he claims he â€Å"had to† master his god. This captures the reinforced idea of a â€Å"Godslave† as Alan is occasionally the master of Equus while constantly being subject to his higher power. Ultimately, the intricate connections between the characters in Gattaca and Equus allow the authors to explore the influence of power and control, with the possession of these qualities continually shifting according to experiences and relationships.